Число 1 было добавлено ISO в конец ASN, чтобы сохранить открытость ASN, чтобы в будущем более мощные ASN могли называться ASN.2 и т. д., но до сих пор оно не появилось.
Основные правила кодирования (Basic Encoding Rules,BER)
Отличительные правила кодирования Encoding Rules,CER)
Правила кодирования отличительных имен (Generic String Encoding Rules,DER)
Правила кодирования сжатия (выровнены Packed Encoding Rules,PER)
Правила кодирования XML (XML Encoding Rules,XER)
Generic String Encoding Rules (GSER)
JSON Encoding Rules (JER)
Basic Octet Encoding Rules (OER)
Unaligned Packed Encoding Rules (UPER)
BER, CER и DER — три наиболее часто используемых формата кодирования ASN.1.
Ссылка: https://www.cnblogs.com/littleatp/p/7384706.html.
PKCS (стандарты криптографии с открытым ключом), как определено в Wikipedia-PKCS.
Это наборстандарт криптографии с открытым ключом,Его определение охватывает Сертификатзнак、алгоритм шифрования、Режим заполнения и процесс проверки и т.д.
Общие стандартные PKC:
openssl genrsa -out private_pkcs1.pem 2048
openssl rsa -in private_pkcs1.pem -out public_pkcs1.pem -pubout -RSAPublicKey_out
Просмотрите формат открытого ключа ограничения (формат закрытого ключа аналогичен):
# Мы получили открытый ключ RSA в форме PKCS#1, файл формата PEM:
-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBCgKCAQEAmCYCfpVpCtnZjlH+OVP4sMMRVcwHZcC/G/51JWC5LR5GDIqdaMu9
6bocV2gVSxaLJ+b8nxdvG8CvBhuCn39F6Azfczald6Vku4qNsyDe2slBJn8IhX3w
12orJZZTnjDRJlg3FUfoDmmkWe1V1QUuHFeRpOZpGUyCUCnGffnq0QjKjrH9WCCQ
a5B6iLfpJ+o/dP3g2dsSCjyS5oFqufQ/NJnMzLFDWOpjDs4N+VdZgkwe492L3sDf
+aqBYbuvz2iBR/d+bAiX4mzHi2SmOETyP43b1+VaVZHCSXS4vY97iU167j1EJqO0
NB//FeVQwn/6UE2Nf2qCBRygVnXKtJPpEwIDAQAB
-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
openssl rsa -in private_pkcs1.pem -out public_pkcs1.der -pubout -RSAPublicKey_out -outform DER
Base64 кодирует public_pkcs1.der:
cat public_pkcs1.der|base64
Наконец получил:
MIIBCgKCAQEAmCYCfpVpCtnZjlH+OVP4sMMRVcwHZcC/G/51JWC5LR5GDIqdaMu96bocV2gVSxaL
J+b8nxdvG8CvBhuCn39F6Azfczald6Vku4qNsyDe2slBJn8IhX3w12orJZZTnjDRJlg3FUfoDmmk
We1V1QUuHFeRpOZpGUyCUCnGffnq0QjKjrH9WCCQa5B6iLfpJ+o/dP3g2dsSCjyS5oFqufQ/NJnM
zLFDWOpjDs4N+VdZgkwe492L3sDf+aqBYbuvz2iBR/d+bAiX4mzHi2SmOETyP43b1+VaVZHCSXS4
vY97iU167j1EJqO0NB//FeVQwn/6UE2Nf2qCBRygVnXKtJPpEwIDAQAB
Вывод: PEM просто кодирует данные в формате DER с помощью base64, а затем добавляет метку, начинающуюся с «-----», в начале и в конце.
openssl rsa -in private_pkcs1.pem -text -noout
Наконец получил:
Private-Key: (2048 bit, 2 primes)
modulus:
00:98:26:02:7e:95:69:0a:d9:d9:8e:51:fe:39:53:
f8:b0:c3:11:55:cc:07:65:c0:bf:1b:fe:75:25:60:
b9:2d:1e:46:0c:8a:9d:68:cb:bd:e9:ba:1c:57:68:
15:4b:16:8b:27:e6:fc:9f:17:6f:1b:c0:af:06:1b:
82:9f:7f:45:e8:0c:df:73:36:a5:77:a5:64:bb:8a:
8d:b3:20:de:da:c9:41:26:7f:08:85:7d:f0:d7:6a:
2b:25:96:53:9e:30:d1:26:58:37:15:47:e8:0e:69:
a4:59:ed:55:d5:05:2e:1c:57:91:a4:e6:69:19:4c:
82:50:29:c6:7d:f9:ea:d1:08:ca:8e:b1:fd:58:20:
90:6b:90:7a:88:b7:e9:27:ea:3f:74:fd:e0:d9:db:
12:0a:3c:92:e6:81:6a:b9:f4:3f:34:99:cc:cc:b1:
43:58:ea:63:0e:ce:0d:f9:57:59:82:4c:1e:e3:dd:
8b:de:c0:df:f9:aa:81:61:bb:af:cf:68:81:47:f7:
7e:6c:08:97:e2:6c:c7:8b:64:a6:38:44:f2:3f:8d:
db:d7:e5:5a:55:91:c2:49:74:b8:bd:8f:7b:89:4d:
7a:ee:3d:44:26:a3:b4:34:1f:ff:15:e5:50:c2:7f:
fa:50:4d:8d:7f:6a:82:05:1c:a0:56:75:ca:b4:93:
e9:13
publicExponent: 65537 (0x10001)
privateExponent:
0c:d7:02:bb:e1:6a:9f:d9:b4:0a:bd:63:43:3d:de:
67:03:9d:af:cc:32:67:38:65:a1:fc:75:17:66:54:
8a:45:b5:44:a6:ae:6d:09:83:dc:b8:be:c4:f3:96:
97:a3:88:4c:a1:dc:93:3f:49:20:d5:59:43:1e:62:
9e:ef:00:cf:c6:c5:88:4f:45:fc:88:61:fa:2c:84:
e0:9a:90:d7:40:7a:e8:f2:ac:84:53:7b:a2:d3:d8:
f8:1b:f9:e4:54:9b:53:86:fb:4c:a6:8f:23:5a:a3:
2a:c1:a5:01:65:d8:d0:a4:7e:d2:8b:3a:1d:28:c0:
10:92:cd:f4:2d:79:68:ab:e6:a5:25:d7:00:35:08:
b5:de:aa:26:12:94:ff:f4:fc:33:52:5f:98:73:49:
b5:dc:58:dd:ec:07:2b:31:3e:b0:14:d1:30:02:c3:
be:80:64:80:ca:98:80:d0:42:b5:d6:66:51:ac:92:
39:3d:3e:22:ae:97:ed:a8:e2:76:54:1c:a3:1c:e1:
d2:a8:10:30:a7:27:c3:da:3d:14:a0:e8:6f:2b:4e:
58:6a:07:ae:9d:b7:26:fc:be:92:69:ab:82:5e:7d:
8f:1f:90:9e:a1:63:e3:1a:c1:0c:29:0f:7c:02:26:
e4:34:ca:58:62:c7:38:3e:4a:ef:32:ea:4c:b7:21:
c9
prime1:
00:c3:a8:bd:69:fe:4e:87:e5:df:2c:73:06:42:fa:
d7:05:af:14:c6:34:89:1a:50:4d:6f:30:75:3b:9d:
4f:e2:f6:e9:d3:9a:14:15:06:87:10:db:8a:68:e8:
68:28:ba:39:d5:0a:16:86:7d:26:eb:47:83:89:85:
7d:d5:f2:ba:ef:5c:61:fe:eb:82:19:30:5c:f8:e0:
6b:d5:d7:ae:ec:c4:1b:8f:45:f7:13:3d:2b:53:12:
af:7b:5a:4d:b3:06:c7:d7:73:1e:fd:e2:78:2f:54:
15:3d:5e:5e:d1:e7:90:48:69:8e:6e:94:20:91:a2:
c5:c0:9e:8a:95:61:99:3e:4b
prime2:
00:c7:12:1b:fc:9e:91:ac:c6:c3:9e:b5:e3:33:63:
0d:19:67:7a:13:0e:e8:0b:ce:da:6d:eb:85:f7:3e:
0f:88:cb:b3:59:65:16:6f:ca:b6:d5:00:f0:e3:6b:
47:76:ab:a5:65:3e:9e:72:24:3c:4b:8b:10:e9:74:
0c:7c:1d:bd:86:d8:e4:71:93:bd:62:75:ad:9a:91:
16:88:8b:be:a0:4c:b8:f1:18:b8:4c:42:41:f6:2f:
dd:55:88:75:e9:26:52:a2:30:5a:af:b7:be:67:da:
78:c6:2a:17:15:c6:95:0a:ab:04:bf:81:05:97:5a:
c4:26:45:04:9e:b6:bb:23:59
exponent1:
23:b1:c0:fc:79:3c:72:66:69:54:7e:97:81:d8:a9:
29:8c:4b:49:ed:83:a5:9d:48:c3:24:1f:ff:04:2f:
f2:c4:00:dc:6d:9b:84:4a:70:91:8e:bb:ad:6f:d8:
b0:b5:68:9f:88:fb:9b:05:71:f8:32:4f:b8:e2:f5:
95:f6:76:4b:fc:9a:94:1a:fa:dd:05:89:b0:8d:a0:
9e:9e:7e:77:0b:3f:cb:df:83:b7:aa:cd:20:96:a4:
14:e8:e0:8b:ec:8c:c0:ad:6b:d5:fd:5e:d7:a3:8b:
4c:6a:ce:f9:94:39:2a:3c:b7:93:4c:ca:b4:46:f1:
b4:b6:37:aa:10:e8:18:09
exponent2:
00:9d:43:1c:22:e4:2d:d6:dd:2a:da:ad:7b:f0:33:
76:bc:b3:f7:47:29:06:7d:95:8b:0f:3c:f9:97:09:
4b:02:59:51:b4:f4:5b:d6:32:c1:5e:e2:20:6a:b8:
6c:3b:3e:7c:29:d0:5f:21:72:a8:c3:50:f8:2a:45:
08:3b:e0:ce:c1:c1:84:2e:89:75:1a:5c:36:aa:1d:
a6:3c:76:91:40:57:7b:de:d3:15:7d:00:f6:d5:02:
99:0a:a2:03:ec:0c:df:48:cb:84:48:be:92:47:be:
da:9c:49:d1:f4:dc:ed:0f:01:6d:7d:cf:f2:57:d0:
57:96:97:fd:7f:58:81:db:f9
coefficient:
00:b0:83:ee:d0:d7:45:a2:80:3e:ac:2d:b6:70:cc:
0d:70:9d:c7:d6:cf:1e:45:4c:e9:13:d5:ec:28:f6:
e7:bf:35:a4:fb:c1:01:37:b2:7d:e4:f6:a3:f1:c1:
36:e5:39:4d:8d:f7:2d:20:55:e2:f9:cb:28:bd:ac:
91:e2:e0:3b:86:ad:50:b4:91:9e:3b:6b:f5:1f:12:
94:7a:f9:24:48:2e:f0:ce:d9:0d:3e:83:7a:ff:62:
d6:81:cd:ce:1b:fa:8b:78:e2:79:8e:60:44:7c:b4:
1b:fd:26:33:3f:ac:18:19:32:1a:16:e3:16:58:65:
df:a9:42:87:a8:82:a9:2f:fe
openssl asn1parse -in public_pkcs1.pem
openssl asn1parse -in public_pkcs1.der -inform der
Структура кодирования DER с открытым ключом:
0:d=0 hl=4 l= 266 cons: SEQUENCE
4:d=1 hl=4 l= 257 prim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
265:d=1 hl=2 l= 3 prim: INTEGER :010001
openssl asn1parse -in private_pkcs1.pem
openssl asn1parse -in private_pkcs1.der -inform der
Структура кодирования DER закрытого ключа:
0:d=0 hl=4 l=1214 cons: SEQUENCE
4:d=1 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :00
7:d=1 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
9:d=2 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :rsaEncryption
20:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
22:d=1 hl=4 l=1192 prim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
Ключ в формате PKCS#1 конкретно относится к ключу RSA, а ключ ECC не может быть выражен в формате PKCS#1.
Ключ в форме PKCS#8 может представлять собой либо ключ RSA, либо ключ ECC.
openssl rsa -in private_pkcs1.pem -out public_pkcs8.pem -pubout
Просмотрите формат открытого ключа ограничения (формат закрытого ключа аналогичен):
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAmCYCfpVpCtnZjlH+OVP4
sMMRVcwHZcC/G/51JWC5LR5GDIqdaMu96bocV2gVSxaLJ+b8nxdvG8CvBhuCn39F
6Azfczald6Vku4qNsyDe2slBJn8IhX3w12orJZZTnjDRJlg3FUfoDmmkWe1V1QUu
HFeRpOZpGUyCUCnGffnq0QjKjrH9WCCQa5B6iLfpJ+o/dP3g2dsSCjyS5oFqufQ/
NJnMzLFDWOpjDs4N+VdZgkwe492L3sDf+aqBYbuvz2iBR/d+bAiX4mzHi2SmOETy
P43b1+VaVZHCSXS4vY97iU167j1EJqO0NB//FeVQwn/6UE2Nf2qCBRygVnXKtJPp
EwIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
Преобразуйте закрытый ключ из pkcs1 в pkcs8:
openssl pkcs8 -in private_pkcs1.pem -out private_pkcs8.pem -topk8 -nocrypt
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
openssl rsa -pubin -in public_pkcs8.pem -out public_pkcs8.der -outform DER
cat public_pkcs8.der|base64
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAmCYCfpVpCtnZjlH+OVP4sMMRVcwHZcC/
G/51JWC5LR5GDIqdaMu96bocV2gVSxaLJ+b8nxdvG8CvBhuCn39F6Azfczald6Vku4qNsyDe2slB
Jn8IhX3w12orJZZTnjDRJlg3FUfoDmmkWe1V1QUuHFeRpOZpGUyCUCnGffnq0QjKjrH9WCCQa5B6
iLfpJ+o/dP3g2dsSCjyS5oFqufQ/NJnMzLFDWOpjDs4N+VdZgkwe492L3sDf+aqBYbuvz2iBR/d+
bAiX4mzHi2SmOETyP43b1+VaVZHCSXS4vY97iU167j1EJqO0NB//FeVQwn/6UE2Nf2qCBRygVnXK
tJPpEwIDAQAB
openssl rsa -in public_pkcs8.pem -text -pubin
Public-Key: (2048 bit)
Modulus:
00:98:26:02:7e:95:69:0a:d9:d9:8e:51:fe:39:53:
f8:b0:c3:11:55:cc:07:65:c0:bf:1b:fe:75:25:60:
b9:2d:1e:46:0c:8a:9d:68:cb:bd:e9:ba:1c:57:68:
15:4b:16:8b:27:e6:fc:9f:17:6f:1b:c0:af:06:1b:
82:9f:7f:45:e8:0c:df:73:36:a5:77:a5:64:bb:8a:
8d:b3:20:de:da:c9:41:26:7f:08:85:7d:f0:d7:6a:
2b:25:96:53:9e:30:d1:26:58:37:15:47:e8:0e:69:
a4:59:ed:55:d5:05:2e:1c:57:91:a4:e6:69:19:4c:
82:50:29:c6:7d:f9:ea:d1:08:ca:8e:b1:fd:58:20:
90:6b:90:7a:88:b7:e9:27:ea:3f:74:fd:e0:d9:db:
12:0a:3c:92:e6:81:6a:b9:f4:3f:34:99:cc:cc:b1:
43:58:ea:63:0e:ce:0d:f9:57:59:82:4c:1e:e3:dd:
8b:de:c0:df:f9:aa:81:61:bb:af:cf:68:81:47:f7:
7e:6c:08:97:e2:6c:c7:8b:64:a6:38:44:f2:3f:8d:
db:d7:e5:5a:55:91:c2:49:74:b8:bd:8f:7b:89:4d:
7a:ee:3d:44:26:a3:b4:34:1f:ff:15:e5:50:c2:7f:
fa:50:4d:8d:7f:6a:82:05:1c:a0:56:75:ca:b4:93:
e9:13
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
writing RSA key
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAmCYCfpVpCtnZjlH+OVP4
sMMRVcwHZcC/G/51JWC5LR5GDIqdaMu96bocV2gVSxaLJ+b8nxdvG8CvBhuCn39F
6Azfczald6Vku4qNsyDe2slBJn8IhX3w12orJZZTnjDRJlg3FUfoDmmkWe1V1QUu
HFeRpOZpGUyCUCnGffnq0QjKjrH9WCCQa5B6iLfpJ+o/dP3g2dsSCjyS5oFqufQ/
NJnMzLFDWOpjDs4N+VdZgkwe492L3sDf+aqBYbuvz2iBR/d+bAiX4mzHi2SmOETy
P43b1+VaVZHCSXS4vY97iU167j1EJqO0NB//FeVQwn/6UE2Nf2qCBRygVnXKtJPp
EwIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
openssl rsa -in private_pkcs8.pem -text
Private-Key: (2048 bit, 2 primes)
modulus:
00:98:26:02:7e:95:69:0a:d9:d9:8e:51:fe:39:53:
f8:b0:c3:11:55:cc:07:65:c0:bf:1b:fe:75:25:60:
b9:2d:1e:46:0c:8a:9d:68:cb:bd:e9:ba:1c:57:68:
15:4b:16:8b:27:e6:fc:9f:17:6f:1b:c0:af:06:1b:
82:9f:7f:45:e8:0c:df:73:36:a5:77:a5:64:bb:8a:
8d:b3:20:de:da:c9:41:26:7f:08:85:7d:f0:d7:6a:
2b:25:96:53:9e:30:d1:26:58:37:15:47:e8:0e:69:
a4:59:ed:55:d5:05:2e:1c:57:91:a4:e6:69:19:4c:
82:50:29:c6:7d:f9:ea:d1:08:ca:8e:b1:fd:58:20:
90:6b:90:7a:88:b7:e9:27:ea:3f:74:fd:e0:d9:db:
12:0a:3c:92:e6:81:6a:b9:f4:3f:34:99:cc:cc:b1:
43:58:ea:63:0e:ce:0d:f9:57:59:82:4c:1e:e3:dd:
8b:de:c0:df:f9:aa:81:61:bb:af:cf:68:81:47:f7:
7e:6c:08:97:e2:6c:c7:8b:64:a6:38:44:f2:3f:8d:
db:d7:e5:5a:55:91:c2:49:74:b8:bd:8f:7b:89:4d:
7a:ee:3d:44:26:a3:b4:34:1f:ff:15:e5:50:c2:7f:
fa:50:4d:8d:7f:6a:82:05:1c:a0:56:75:ca:b4:93:
e9:13
publicExponent: 65537 (0x10001)
privateExponent:
0c:d7:02:bb:e1:6a:9f:d9:b4:0a:bd:63:43:3d:de:
67:03:9d:af:cc:32:67:38:65:a1:fc:75:17:66:54:
8a:45:b5:44:a6:ae:6d:09:83:dc:b8:be:c4:f3:96:
97:a3:88:4c:a1:dc:93:3f:49:20:d5:59:43:1e:62:
9e:ef:00:cf:c6:c5:88:4f:45:fc:88:61:fa:2c:84:
e0:9a:90:d7:40:7a:e8:f2:ac:84:53:7b:a2:d3:d8:
f8:1b:f9:e4:54:9b:53:86:fb:4c:a6:8f:23:5a:a3:
2a:c1:a5:01:65:d8:d0:a4:7e:d2:8b:3a:1d:28:c0:
10:92:cd:f4:2d:79:68:ab:e6:a5:25:d7:00:35:08:
b5:de:aa:26:12:94:ff:f4:fc:33:52:5f:98:73:49:
b5:dc:58:dd:ec:07:2b:31:3e:b0:14:d1:30:02:c3:
be:80:64:80:ca:98:80:d0:42:b5:d6:66:51:ac:92:
39:3d:3e:22:ae:97:ed:a8:e2:76:54:1c:a3:1c:e1:
d2:a8:10:30:a7:27:c3:da:3d:14:a0:e8:6f:2b:4e:
58:6a:07:ae:9d:b7:26:fc:be:92:69:ab:82:5e:7d:
8f:1f:90:9e:a1:63:e3:1a:c1:0c:29:0f:7c:02:26:
e4:34:ca:58:62:c7:38:3e:4a:ef:32:ea:4c:b7:21:
c9
prime1:
00:c3:a8:bd:69:fe:4e:87:e5:df:2c:73:06:42:fa:
d7:05:af:14:c6:34:89:1a:50:4d:6f:30:75:3b:9d:
4f:e2:f6:e9:d3:9a:14:15:06:87:10:db:8a:68:e8:
68:28:ba:39:d5:0a:16:86:7d:26:eb:47:83:89:85:
7d:d5:f2:ba:ef:5c:61:fe:eb:82:19:30:5c:f8:e0:
6b:d5:d7:ae:ec:c4:1b:8f:45:f7:13:3d:2b:53:12:
af:7b:5a:4d:b3:06:c7:d7:73:1e:fd:e2:78:2f:54:
15:3d:5e:5e:d1:e7:90:48:69:8e:6e:94:20:91:a2:
c5:c0:9e:8a:95:61:99:3e:4b
prime2:
00:c7:12:1b:fc:9e:91:ac:c6:c3:9e:b5:e3:33:63:
0d:19:67:7a:13:0e:e8:0b:ce:da:6d:eb:85:f7:3e:
0f:88:cb:b3:59:65:16:6f:ca:b6:d5:00:f0:e3:6b:
47:76:ab:a5:65:3e:9e:72:24:3c:4b:8b:10:e9:74:
0c:7c:1d:bd:86:d8:e4:71:93:bd:62:75:ad:9a:91:
16:88:8b:be:a0:4c:b8:f1:18:b8:4c:42:41:f6:2f:
dd:55:88:75:e9:26:52:a2:30:5a:af:b7:be:67:da:
78:c6:2a:17:15:c6:95:0a:ab:04:bf:81:05:97:5a:
c4:26:45:04:9e:b6:bb:23:59
exponent1:
23:b1:c0:fc:79:3c:72:66:69:54:7e:97:81:d8:a9:
29:8c:4b:49:ed:83:a5:9d:48:c3:24:1f:ff:04:2f:
f2:c4:00:dc:6d:9b:84:4a:70:91:8e:bb:ad:6f:d8:
b0:b5:68:9f:88:fb:9b:05:71:f8:32:4f:b8:e2:f5:
95:f6:76:4b:fc:9a:94:1a:fa:dd:05:89:b0:8d:a0:
9e:9e:7e:77:0b:3f:cb:df:83:b7:aa:cd:20:96:a4:
14:e8:e0:8b:ec:8c:c0:ad:6b:d5:fd:5e:d7:a3:8b:
4c:6a:ce:f9:94:39:2a:3c:b7:93:4c:ca:b4:46:f1:
b4:b6:37:aa:10:e8:18:09
exponent2:
00:9d:43:1c:22:e4:2d:d6:dd:2a:da:ad:7b:f0:33:
76:bc:b3:f7:47:29:06:7d:95:8b:0f:3c:f9:97:09:
4b:02:59:51:b4:f4:5b:d6:32:c1:5e:e2:20:6a:b8:
6c:3b:3e:7c:29:d0:5f:21:72:a8:c3:50:f8:2a:45:
08:3b:e0:ce:c1:c1:84:2e:89:75:1a:5c:36:aa:1d:
a6:3c:76:91:40:57:7b:de:d3:15:7d:00:f6:d5:02:
99:0a:a2:03:ec:0c:df:48:cb:84:48:be:92:47:be:
da:9c:49:d1:f4:dc:ed:0f:01:6d:7d:cf:f2:57:d0:
57:96:97:fd:7f:58:81:db:f9
coefficient:
00:b0:83:ee:d0:d7:45:a2:80:3e:ac:2d:b6:70:cc:
0d:70:9d:c7:d6:cf:1e:45:4c:e9:13:d5:ec:28:f6:
e7:bf:35:a4:fb:c1:01:37:b2:7d:e4:f6:a3:f1:c1:
36:e5:39:4d:8d:f7:2d:20:55:e2:f9:cb:28:bd:ac:
91:e2:e0:3b:86:ad:50:b4:91:9e:3b:6b:f5:1f:12:
94:7a:f9:24:48:2e:f0:ce:d9:0d:3e:83:7a:ff:62:
d6:81:cd:ce:1b:fa:8b:78:e2:79:8e:60:44:7c:b4:
1b:fd:26:33:3f:ac:18:19:32:1a:16:e3:16:58:65:
df:a9:42:87:a8:82:a9:2f:fe
writing RSA key
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
# генерировать Сертификатзнак请求(CSR)
openssl req -new -key private_pkcs1.pem -out certificate_csr.csr
# Используйте запрос подписи Сертификата из предыдущего шага, чтобы выдать Сертификат (PEM). / DER)
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in certificate_csr.csr -signkey private_pkcs1.pem -out certificate.pem
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in certificate_csr.csr -signkey private_pkcs1.pem -out certificate.der -outform DER
# Результат:
Certificate request self-signature ok
subject=C = CN, ST = GuangDong, L = ShenZhen, O = Bowenwerchen, OU = Bowenerchen, CN = Bowenerchen, emailAddress = bowener_chen@163.com
openssl x509 -in certificate.pem -text -noout (Содержимое самого файла не выводится)
openssl x509 -in certificate.der -inform DER -text
# Выход:
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 1 (0x0)
Serial Number:
03:2f:56:fc:13:b7:04:02:8d:cf:4a:b5:47:55:04:77:ca:df:fb:0d
Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C = CN, ST = GuangDong, L = ShenZhen, O = Bowenwerchen, OU = Bowenerchen, CN = Bowenerchen, emailAddress = bowener_chen@163.com
Validity
Not Before: Jul 18 08:10:00 2022 GMT
Not After : Jul 18 08:10:00 2023 GMT
Subject: C = CN, ST = GuangDong, L = ShenZhen, O = Bowenwerchen, OU = Bowenerchen, CN = Bowenerchen, emailAddress = bowener_chen@163.com
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
Public-Key: (2048 bit)
Modulus:
00:98:26:02:7e:95:69:0a:d9:d9:8e:51:fe:39:53:
f8:b0:c3:11:55:cc:07:65:c0:bf:1b:fe:75:25:60:
b9:2d:1e:46:0c:8a:9d:68:cb:bd:e9:ba:1c:57:68:
15:4b:16:8b:27:e6:fc:9f:17:6f:1b:c0:af:06:1b:
82:9f:7f:45:e8:0c:df:73:36:a5:77:a5:64:bb:8a:
8d:b3:20:de:da:c9:41:26:7f:08:85:7d:f0:d7:6a:
2b:25:96:53:9e:30:d1:26:58:37:15:47:e8:0e:69:
a4:59:ed:55:d5:05:2e:1c:57:91:a4:e6:69:19:4c:
82:50:29:c6:7d:f9:ea:d1:08:ca:8e:b1:fd:58:20:
90:6b:90:7a:88:b7:e9:27:ea:3f:74:fd:e0:d9:db:
12:0a:3c:92:e6:81:6a:b9:f4:3f:34:99:cc:cc:b1:
43:58:ea:63:0e:ce:0d:f9:57:59:82:4c:1e:e3:dd:
8b:de:c0:df:f9:aa:81:61:bb:af:cf:68:81:47:f7:
7e:6c:08:97:e2:6c:c7:8b:64:a6:38:44:f2:3f:8d:
db:d7:e5:5a:55:91:c2:49:74:b8:bd:8f:7b:89:4d:
7a:ee:3d:44:26:a3:b4:34:1f:ff:15:e5:50:c2:7f:
fa:50:4d:8d:7f:6a:82:05:1c:a0:56:75:ca:b4:93:
e9:13
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
Signature Value:
7f:7a:ce:00:f2:51:7a:37:0b:56:65:da:1c:00:b4:17:6b:73:
2e:cc:a5:bd:60:77:fc:1f:89:21:c3:6c:b3:69:26:3e:d8:0d:
e7:5e:57:d3:b3:48:d8:9e:ff:1b:39:d5:6d:f8:1a:a7:47:03:
2e:25:9a:75:3e:86:32:b3:f4:13:9e:34:a2:b7:3f:16:14:99:
40:9f:22:bd:5b:c3:b7:7a:13:df:31:30:1e:5e:66:f2:e4:fe:
70:64:6c:d9:09:04:a6:c8:32:9b:72:46:5b:28:f7:01:d6:ad:
eb:57:7b:8b:67:f9:07:8e:ac:ee:41:cc:2a:d1:83:cb:d5:61:
5c:da:a8:d7:79:b6:76:fc:2a:c6:4c:12:bf:0d:77:57:62:f6:
4e:22:2f:46:44:71:88:6f:1f:b0:b5:12:23:b4:17:28:1a:38:
2f:7e:21:2f:51:4e:38:cd:c7:3e:9d:78:55:17:e3:ac:bd:83:
52:09:ff:d1:7a:13:e8:97:0f:0d:0a:64:34:ac:4b:54:5c:89:
b5:9a:75:25:fb:54:4a:be:31:cb:17:2f:7c:b4:4b:a6:0b:d3:
a6:c5:fe:fe:81:d4:ec:3c:45:f2:7c:72:76:cb:51:db:1b:04:
df:7d:06:b5:f8:87:5d:f1:37:22:27:80:f6:f7:88:8b:63:ad:
e3:d2:47:5f